Dosages
Side effects in children
Warnings & precautions in children
Contra-indications in children

Interactions
PK
Renal impairment
References

Phenylephrine

Generic name
Phenylephrine
Brand name
ATC Code
C01CA06

Pharmacokinetics in children

No information available on pharmacokinetic parameters in children and neoantes

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dose recommendation of formulary compared to licensed use (on-label versus off-label)

No information is present at this moment.

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Available formulations

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Dosages

Hypotension during anaesthesia; cyanotic spells in Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Intravenous
    • 1 month up to 1 year
      • 1 - 2 microg./kg/dose, bolus. Max: 100 microg./dose. Doses up to 10 mcg/kg/dose may be necessary due to immature n. sympathetic.

      • ALTERNATIVE
        Continuous infusion: Start 0.15 mcg/kg/min, increase if necessary to 3 mcg/kg/min, max. 100 mcg/min

    • 1 year up to 18 years
      • 1 - 2 microg./kg/dose, bolus. Max: 100 microg./dose.

      • ALTERNATIVE
        Continuous infusion: Start 0.15 mcg/kg/min, increase if necessary to 3 mcg/kg/min, max 100 mcg/min

    • Premature and Term neonate
      • 1 - 2 microg./kg/dose, bolus. Max: 100 microg./dose. Repeat after 5-10 min when necessary.
        Doses up to 10 mcg/kg/dose may be necessary due to immature n. sympathetic.

      • ALTERNATIVE
        Continuous infusion: Start 0.15 mcg/kg/min, increase if necessary to 3 mcg/kg/min, max. 100 mcg/min

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Renal impaiment in children > 3 months

No information available on dose adjustment in renal impairment.

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The complete list of all undesirable drug reactions can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

Side effects

No information is present at this moment.

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The complete list of all contra-indications can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

Contra-indications

No information available on specific contra indications in children.

The complete list of all warnings and precautions can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

Warnings & precautions

No information available on specific warnings and precautions in children.

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Interactions

The complete list of all interactions can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

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Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents
C01CA24
C01CA07
C01CA04
C01CA26
C01CA02
C01CA17
C01CA24
C01CA03
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
C01CE02
Other cardiac stimulants
C01CX08

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References

  1. Strong MJ, et al, Arterial gas tensions under anaesthesia in tetralogy of Fallot, Br J Anaesth, 1967, Jun;39(6), 472-9
  2. Nudel DB, et al, Effects of acutely increasing systemic vascular resistance on oxygen tension in tetralogy of Fallot., Pediatrics., 1976, Aug;58(2), 248-51.
  3. Tanaka K, et al, Phenylephrine increases pulmonary blood flow in children with tetralogy of Fallot. , 2003 , Nov;50(9):, 926-9.
  4. Greeley WJ, et al, Intraoperative hypoxemic spells in tetralogy of Fallot. An echocardiographic analysis of diagnosis and treatment., Anesth Analg, 1989, Jun;68(6), 815-9
  5. Shaddy RE, et al, Continuous intravenous phenylephrine infusion for treatment of hypoxemic spells in tetralogy of Fallot., J Pediatr., 1989, Mar;114(3), 468-70
  6. Oshita S, et al, Correlation between arterial blood pressure and oxygenation in tetralogy of Fallot, J Cardiothorac Anesth., 1989, Oct;3(5), 597-600
  7. von Ungern-Sternberg BS, et al, Changes in lung volume during spells in children with Tetralogy of Fallot under general anesthesia., Pediatr Crit Care Med., 2011, Jan;12(1), e40-2.
  8. Working group Neonatal pharmacology, Expert opnion on the use of phenylephrine - 05-03-2024
  9. E.Koomen - Pediatric Intensivist/pediatric anesthesiologist WKZ/UMCU, Expert opinion on the use of fenylefrine in children, infants and neonates, Personal communication, Feb 2023
  10. Tanaka K, et al, Phenylephrine increases pulmonary blood flow in children with tetralogy of Fallot., 2003, Nov;50(9):, 926-9.

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Changes

Changes