Dosages
Side effects in children
Warnings & precautions in children
Contra-indications in children

Interactions
PK
Renal impairment
References

Urokinase

Generic name
Urokinase
Brand name
ATC Code
B01AD04

Pharmacokinetics in children

No information

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dose recommendation of formulary compared to licensed use (on-label versus off-label)

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Available formulations

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Dosages

Thrombolytic treatment of occluded central venous access devices (CVAD)
  • Route of administration not applicable
    • 1 month up to 18 years
      • 7.500 - 10.000 IU/dose, once only in 2 ml physiological saline. Try to inject the line to clear it after 5 to 10 min; repeat the procedure if that does not work. Heparin (5 IU/kg/hour) is then added to the infusion liquid for 12 hours to prevent it occluding again..
Thrombolysis
  • Intravenous
    • 0 years up to 18 years
      • Initial dose: 4.400 IU/kg/dose, bolus.
      • Maintenance dose: 4.400 IU/kg/hour, continuous infusion for 6-12 hours.
      • Thrombolysis should only be applied in cases where there is a life-threatening thrombus or a thrombus that threatens a limb or organ.

        Treatment by or after consultations with a paediatric specialist (haematologist) who has experience using urokinase for this indication.

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Renal impaiment in children > 3 months

GFR ≥10 ml/min/1.73m2: Dose adjustment not required.

GFR <10 ml/min/1.73m2: A general recommendation on dose adjustment cannot be provided.

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The complete list of all undesirable drug reactions can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

Side effects

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The complete list of all contra-indications can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

Contra-indications in children

Watch out for an increased tendency to bleed: biopsies and surgery are contraindicated where urokinase is having a systemic effect.

The complete list of all warnings and precautions can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

Warnings & precautions in children

Strictly on indication: only use after consulting a haematologist.

Administration: preferably via catheter where the thrombus is located. Do not give heparin during thrombolysis
Checks prior to treatment:
Lab checks: aPTT, PT, VBB, d-dimer, fibrinogen. In neonates: ultrasound of the cerebrum

Conditions for treatment with urokinase:

Thrombocytes > 50-100 x10e9/litre in sick patients
Thrombocytes > 50 x10e9/litre in stable patients
Fibrinogen > 1.0 mg/l
Normal or minimally extended PT and aPTT

If the thrombocyte count is low: thrombocyte transfusion
If the fibrinogen concentration is low: plasma transfusion

In cases of severe bleeding, tranexamic acid (Cyclokapron) can be given as an antidote. Risk factors include recent bleeding, surgery, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis.
 

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Interactions

The complete list of all interactions can be found in the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – click here

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References

  1. Rademaker C.M.A. et al, Geneesmiddelen-Formularium voor Kinderen, 2007
  2. CBO, Richtlijn Diagnostiek, preventie en behandeling van veneuze trombo-embolie en secundaire preventie van arteriele trombose, www.cbo.nl, 2009, 162
  3. Kamps WA et al, Werkboek ondersteundende behandeling kinderoncologie, VU Uitgeverij, 2005
  4. NVK, Werkboek kinderhematologie, www.hematologienederland.nl, 30 sept 2012

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Changes

Changes